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Anuradhapura, a World Heritage site in Sri Lanka, is one of the island-s most significant ancient cities,
known for its well-preserved ruins of the early Sinhalese civilization. Established around the 4th century
BCE, it served as the capital for over a thousand years. The city holds cultural, historical, and religious
importance, especially in Theravada Buddhism, and is renowned for its architectural and engineering
marvels.

Elevation and Geography
Anuradhapura is situated at an average elevation of about 81 meters (266 feet) above sea level. Located in the North Central Province, the city is part of Sri Lanka-s dry zone, where it experiences warm temperatures and moderate rainfall, primarily influenced by the monsoon seasons.

Major Attractions
1. Ruwanwelisaya Stupa: A large white stupa built by King Dutugemunu in 140 BCE, the
Ruwanwelisaya is one of the world-s tallest ancient structures. This revered Buddhist site is a
pilgrimage destination for many Buddhists.
2. Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi: This sacred fig tree is believed to be a sapling from the original Bodhi tree
under which the Buddha attained enlightenment. Planted in 288 BCE, it-s considered one of the
oldest trees with a recorded history and is a deeply venerated religious symbol
3. Thuparamaya: The oldest stupa in Sri Lanka, Thuparamaya, was constructed by King
Devanampiya Tissa in the 3rd century BCE to house the Buddha-s right collarbone relic. Its
architectural style reflects early Buddhist stupa construction.
4. Abhayagiri Monastery Complex: This ancient monastic complex was established in the 1st
century BCE. The Abhayagiri Dagoba, at 75 meters, once stood among the tallest stupas of its
time and was a hub for scholars and monks in early Theravada Buddhism. 
5. Jetavanaramaya: Built by King Mahasena, this massive stupa once stood at 122 meters, making
it one of the tallest brick structures in the world. Today, it stands at 71 meters due to structural
loss over time. 
6. Isurumuniya Temple: Known for its rock carvings and the famous -Isurumuniya Lovers-
sculpture, this temple is a blend of natural beauty and artistic heritage. 
7. Kuttam Pokuna (Twin Ponds): These are ancient bathing ponds created for the monks,
demonstrating the advanced hydraulic engineering and irrigation systems of ancient
Anuradhapura. 
8. Basawakkulama Tank (Abhaya Wewa): An ancient reservoir constructed in the 4th century BCE,
it remains a testament to the city-s pioneering hydraulic systems that enabled the sustenance of
large urban populations in a dry region.

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